Being towards death

1. Cat-Kicking Effect

A father was criticized by his boss at work, and when he got home, he scolded his child who was jumping around on the sofa. The child, feeling angry, kicked the cat that was rolling nearby. The cat ran out into the street just as a truck was passing by; the driver swerved to avoid it but ended up hitting a child on the roadside.

This chain reaction of venting dissatisfaction on those weaker or of lower status is known in psychology as the "Cat-Kicking Effect," which depicts a typical contagion of bad emotions.

2. Involution Effect

Staying for a long time at a simple level, without development or growth, without any changes or improvements, maintaining a stable level, and continuously repeating, while lacking the ability to adapt to upcoming changes, is referred to as the "Involution Effect."

3. Rosenthal Effect

The Rosenthal Effect is a social psychological phenomenon where conveying positive expectations to a person leads to faster progress and better development. Conversely, conveying negative expectations can lead a person to give up and lose motivation.

4. House Demolition Effect

Mr. Lu Xun wrote in his 1927 article "Silent China": "The temperament of Chinese people tends to prefer harmony and compromise. For example, if you say that this house is too dark and suggest opening a skylight, everyone will definitely oppose it. But if you advocate tearing down the roof, they will come to a compromise and agree to open a skylight." This psychological phenomenon, where a large demand is first made followed by a smaller one, is known as the "House Demolition Effect."

5. Matthew Effect

The Matthew Effect refers to the phenomenon where the good get better, the bad get worse, the many get more, and the few get less, indicating a polarization phenomenon.

6. Barnum Effect

People often believe that a vague, general personality description accurately reveals their characteristics. When ordinary, ambiguous, and broad adjectives are used to describe a person, people tend to easily accept these descriptions and believe that what is said in the description applies to them. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Barnum Effect."

7. Suspension Bridge Effect

On a suspension bridge, due to the dangerous situation, people's heart rates unconsciously increase. If they happen to meet someone of the opposite sex at this moment, they may easily misinterpret the increased heart rate caused by the situation as a physiological reaction to attraction, thus developing romantic feelings. This is the famous "Suspension Bridge Effect."

8. Pacifier Theory

Due to the continuous rise in productivity, 80% of the world's population will not need to actively participate in the production of goods and services. To avoid class conflicts between the marginalized 80% and the 20% elite, one way to comfort these "abandoned" people is to create "pacifiers," which are intoxicating entertainment and sensory-stimulating products, such as the internet, television, and games, filling people's lives with these "pacifiers," diverting their attention and dissatisfaction, causing them to lose their ability to think and become indifferent to challenging the existing ruling class. This is the famous "Pacifier Theory."

9. Lazy Ant Effect

A research team from Hokkaido University in Japan observed the activities of three black ant colonies, each consisting of 30 ants. They found that most ants were diligently searching for and transporting food, while a few ants were idle and looking around. They called these ants "lazy ants." Observations revealed that the "lazy ants" spent most of their time on "scouting" and "research." They could identify weaknesses in the organization while maintaining a state of exploration for new food sources, ensuring the colony continuously received new food. This is the famous "Lazy Ant Effect."

10. Halo Effect

When a person's certain qualities or a product's characteristics create a very good impression, under the influence of this impression, people tend to give better evaluations to the person's other qualities or the product's other characteristics. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Halo Effect," also called the prejudice effect.

11. Tyndall Effect

The Tyndall Effect refers to the phenomenon where a beam of light passing through a colloid can be observed as a bright path from the direction of the vertically incident light. This phenomenon is called the Tyndall phenomenon or Tyndall effect.

12. South Wind Effect

French writer La Fontaine wrote a fable about the North Wind and the South Wind competing in strength to see who could make a passerby take off their coat. The North Wind first blew a cold, biting wind, causing the passerby to wrap their coat tightly around themselves. The South Wind, however, blew gently, and as the weather became warm, the passerby began to unbutton and then take off their coat. The outcome was clear: the South Wind won. This is the "South Wind Effect," indicating that one should pay attention to methods when dealing with interpersonal relationships.

13. Flywheel Effect

To get a stationary flywheel to start turning, you must initially exert a lot of effort, pushing it around repeatedly. Each rotation is laborious, but every effort counts, and the flywheel will start to turn faster. Once a certain critical point is reached, the flywheel's momentum and inertia become part of the driving force. At this point, you no longer need to exert as much effort; the flywheel will continue to spin quickly and continuously. This is the "Flywheel Effect," which tells us that in the initial stages of any endeavor, sufficient persistence and effort are necessary.

14. Delay of Gratification Effect

Willingness to give up or delay immediate satisfaction for long-term, greater benefits, while maintaining good self-control during the wait, is referred to as "delay of gratification."

15. Black Swan Effect

Extremely unpredictable and unusual events that often trigger a chain of negative reactions in the market or even cause upheaval are called "Black Swan Events," also known as the "Black Swan Effect."

16. Primacy Effect

The Primacy Effect, first proposed by American psychologist Luchins, is also known as the first impression effect or priority effect. It refers to the influence of the first impression formed between two parties on their future relationship, which is the effect of "first impressions." Although these first impressions are not always correct, they are the most vivid and lasting, determining the course of future interactions.

17. Recency Effect

In situations where multiple stimuli with different meanings appear sequentially, the determining factor for impression formation is the most recently presented stimulus. For example, when introducing a person, if their strengths are mentioned first, followed by "but," detailing many weaknesses, then the latter part of the statement affects the impression formation, which is known as the "Recency Effect," where the latest stimulus influences the psychological effect of impression formation.

18. Mushroom Effect

Mushrooms grow in dark corners, without sunlight or nutrients, surviving on their own until they grow tall enough to attract attention, at which point they can finally receive sunlight. This phenomenon is known as the "Mushroom Effect." The Mushroom Effect tells us that enduring hardship is not necessarily a bad thing, especially for young people who have just entered society and the workforce. Being a "mushroom" for a period can help them better understand the various people and things around them, laying a solid foundation for future development.

19. Hippocampus Effect

Experiencing something or a scene for the first time can evoke a sense of déjà vu, as if one has truly experienced it at some time, place, or moment in the past. This is the famous "Hippocampus Effect."

20. Barrel Law

The amount of water a barrel can hold does not depend on the highest staves but rather on the shortest stave. Based on this, two conclusions can be drawn: first, only if all the staves are sufficiently high can the barrel be filled with water; second, if there is even one stave that is not high enough, the barrel cannot be full. This is the famous "Barrel Law," which states that the value of a barrel made of multiple staves lies in its capacity to hold water, but the key factor determining how much water it can hold is not the longest stave but the shortest one.

21. Watch Law

A person with one watch can know the time, but when they have two or more watches, they cannot determine the time accurately. Owning more than one watch does not help a person judge time more accurately; instead, it creates confusion and leads to a loss of correct time judgment. This is the famous "Watch Law."

22. Broken Window Effect

If someone breaks a window in a building and the window is not repaired promptly, others may feel encouraged to break more windows. Over time, these broken windows create a sense of disorder, and in this atmosphere of public apathy, crime can thrive and flourish. This is the famous "Broken Window Effect," which means that if negative phenomena in the environment are allowed to exist, they will encourage people to imitate and even escalate the behavior.

23. Exposure Effect

We tend to prefer familiar things; the more familiar something is, the more favorable our feelings toward it. This phenomenon, where familiarity increases liking, is known in psychology as the "Exposure Effect" or "Mere Exposure Effect." The Exposure Effect tells us that to enhance interpersonal attraction, one should increase their familiarity in front of others, which can increase the likelihood of others liking them.

24. 80/20 Rule

20% of people in society hold 80% of the wealth. The "80/20 Rule" suggests that there is an inexplicable imbalance between causes and effects, inputs and outputs, efforts and rewards. If measured mathematically, this imbalance yields a baseline of an 80/20 relationship.

25. Zero-Point Rule

In impression psychology, the Zero-Point Rule is also known as the "Bad Seed Effect." A person's impression, even if we only have a 1% negative attitude, equates to a 100% negative attitude for those interacting with us, thus forming a bad impression.

This is the famous "Zero-Point Rule," which tells us to pursue "zero defects" in product quality and "zero errors" in service quality.

26. 20-Mile Rule

From San Diego on the U.S. West Coast to a certain location, there is a distance of three thousand miles, with very complex terrain and frequent weather changes. So, how many miles should one walk each day to maintain a suitable pace? The answer is: walk 20 miles a day, or 32 kilometers. This is the famous "20-Mile Rule," which tells us that to accomplish something, one should not blindly pursue immediate hard work but should learn to maintain self-discipline and inner stability amidst various external uncertainties, persevering through challenges to achieve set goals.

27. 21-Day Effect

In behavioral psychology, the phenomenon that it takes at least 21 days for a person to form and solidify a new habit or idea is referred to as the "21-Day Effect." In other words, if a person's actions or thoughts are repeated for 21 days, they will become habitual.

28. MiG-25 Effect

The MiG-25 jet fighter, developed by the former Soviet Union, was favored worldwide for its superior performance. However, many aircraft manufacturing experts were surprised to find that many components used in the MiG-25 were much more outdated compared to American aircraft, yet its overall combat performance reached or even exceeded that of contemporaneous American and other foreign fighters. The reason for this phenomenon is that the MiG company considered the overall design and coordinated the combination of various components, allowing the aircraft to surpass American fighters in aspects such as lift, speed, and emergency response, thus becoming a world-class fighter. This unexpected effect resulting from coordinated combinations is known as the "MiG-25 Effect." The MiG-25 Effect tells us that the internal structure of things significantly affects their overall functionality.

29. 250 Law

Each customer generally has about 250 friends and relatives. If you win a customer's favor, it means you have won the favor of 250 people; conversely, if you offend one customer, it means you have offended 250 customers. This is the famous "250 Law," which tells us to take every person around us seriously.

30. Butterfly Effect

A butterfly flapping its wings in the tropical rainforest of the Amazon may cause a tornado in Texas two weeks later. The reason is that the movement of the butterfly's wings alters the surrounding air system, generating weak air currents, which in turn can cause corresponding changes in the surrounding air or other systems, leading to a chain reaction that ultimately results in significant changes in other systems. This is the famous "Butterfly Effect," which indicates that the outcome of events is highly sensitive to initial conditions, where even a tiny deviation in initial conditions can lead to vastly different results.

31. Frog Effect

If a frog is placed in a pot of boiling water, it will immediately jump out and land safely. However, if it is placed in a pot of cool water and allowed to swim freely, then the heat is gradually increased, the frog may sense the temperature change but, due to inertia, does not jump out immediately. By the time it realizes the heat is unbearable, it is too late. This is the famous "Frog Effect," also known as the "Boiling Frog Law" or "Warm Water Frog Effect."

32. Birdcage Effect

If a person buys an empty birdcage and places it in their living room, after a while, they will either throw it away or buy a bird to keep. This is the famous "Birdcage Effect," one of the ten psychological phenomena that humans find hard to escape.

33. Caterpillar Effect

If many caterpillars are placed around the edge of a flower pot, forming a circle, and some pine needles, which caterpillars like to eat, are scattered nearby, the caterpillars will start to follow each other around the edge of the pot. An hour passes, then a day, and then another day, and these caterpillars continue to circle the pot day and night for seven days and nights, ultimately dying of hunger and exhaustion. Scientists refer to this habit of following the path of the caterpillar as the "Follower Habit," and the phenomenon of failure due to following is called the "Caterpillar Effect," also known as the "Caterpillar Law."

34. Herd Effect

A herd is a very disorganized group that often rushes around blindly, but once a lead sheep moves, the others will follow without thinking, completely ignoring the potential presence of wolves nearby or better grass further away. This is the famous "Herd Effect," which metaphorically indicates that people have a tendency to conform, and this conformity can easily lead to blind following, which often results in falling into traps or experiencing failure.

35. Hedgehog Law

In a cold winter, two sleepy hedgehogs hug each other for warmth, but they cannot sleep comfortably because their spines prick each other. Therefore, they move apart but soon find it too cold and hug again. After several attempts, they finally find a suitable distance that allows them to keep warm without pricking each other. This illustrates the "Psychological Distance Effect" in interpersonal relationships. The "Hedgehog Law" emphasizes the "Psychological Distance Effect" in social interactions.

36. Cow Fly Effect

As a teenager, Lincoln plowed fields on his family's farm in Kentucky. The plowing ox was lazy and often slacked off, which frustrated Lincoln. However, there was a time when the ox moved quickly. Lincoln was puzzled until he discovered that several large flies were biting the ox's back, causing it to itch and making it move faster than ever. Lincoln learned that to make the ox move quickly, it must be stimulated sufficiently. This is the famous "Cow Fly Effect."

37. Wild Horse Conclusion

In the African savanna, there are bloodsucking bats that often bite the legs of wild horses to feed. They rely on the blood of animals to survive, and no matter how angry or frantic the wild horses become, they cannot do anything about these "little creatures," which can feed comfortably and leave. Many wild horses end up being tortured to death. Zoologists found that the amount of blood the bats consume is minimal and far from enough to kill the wild horses; the horses die from rage and frantic running. This is the famous "Wild Horse Conclusion," which refers to the phenomenon of becoming angry over trivial matters and harming oneself due to others' mistakes. The Wild Horse Conclusion teaches us to manage our emotions well.

38. Crocodile Effect

If a crocodile bites your foot and you try to pull away with your hands, the crocodile will bite both your foot and hand. The more you struggle, the more you get bitten. Therefore, if a crocodile bites your foot, your only chance is to sacrifice one foot. This is the famous "Crocodile Effect," also known as the "Crocodile Law," often applied in stock trading, meaning that when you find your trades diverging from the market direction, you must immediately cut losses without delay or any sense of luck.

39. Catfish Effect

Norwegians enjoy eating sardines, especially live ones. The price of live fish in the market is much higher than that of dead fish, so fishermen always try to bring live sardines back to port. Despite various efforts, most sardines still suffocate and die on the way. Later, someone placed a catfish, which primarily eats fish, in the tank with the sardines. The sardines, seeing the catfish, began to scatter, thus solving the oxygen problem, and most returned to the fishing port alive. This is the famous "Catfish Effect," often applied in corporate talent or technology recruitment, as it is one of the effective measures for corporate leadership to stimulate employee vitality.

40. Murphy's Law

Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. This is the famous "Murphy's Law," proposed by Edward A. Murphy in 1949. It can be extended into four profound insights: 1) Nothing is as simple as it seems; 2) Everything takes longer than you expect; 3) Anything that can go wrong will go wrong; 4) If you worry about a situation occurring, it is more likely to happen.

41. Placebo Effect

The phenomenon where patients experience relief from symptoms due to the expectation or belief that an ineffective treatment is effective is called the "Placebo Effect." Conversely, if a patient does not believe in the effectiveness of the treatment, it may worsen their condition; this opposite phenomenon is referred to as the "Nocebo Effect."

42. Golden Cicada Law

Cicadas, before molting into adults, survive underground by sucking the juices from plant roots, enduring darkness, cold, and loneliness for up to 3 or even 17 years. When the larvae mature, they finally emerge from the ground one night, climb to the treetops, complete their metamorphosis, and quietly wait for the moment the sun rises, allowing them to successfully spread their wings and fly toward freedom. This is the famous "Golden Cicada Law," which teaches us that success requires accumulation, endurance of solitude, and perseverance.

43. Bamboo Law

Bamboo takes four years to grow only 3 centimeters. Starting from the fifth year, it grows rapidly at a rate of 30 centimeters per day, reaching 15 meters in just six weeks. In fact, during the first four years, the bamboo's roots have extended hundreds of square meters into the soil. This is the famous "Bamboo Law," which tells us that success requires sedimentation and accumulation.

44. Lotus Law

In a lotus pond, the number of lotuses that bloom on the first day is only a small part. The number that blooms on the second day is double that of the first day, and every subsequent day, the number of blooming lotuses doubles from the previous day... Assuming that by the 30th day, the pond is full of lotuses, the question is: on which day did the lotuses fill half the pond? Is it the 15th day? Wrong!!! It is the 29th day. This is the famous Lotus Law, also known as the 30-Day Law, which tells us that success requires accumulation and gradual growth.

45. Kuleshov Effect

Lev Kuleshov, a filmmaker during the Soviet era, discovered a cinematic phenomenon at the age of 19: the emotional response in film is not derived from the content of individual shots but from the juxtaposition of several images. This creative possibility and rationality formed by montage is what constitutes film art. This psychological effect is known as the "Kuleshov Effect." It teaches us that different combinations can lead to different associations, emotional responses, or perceived differences regarding a particular thing, product, or person. Learning to use these combinations effectively can yield unexpected results.

46. Lucifer Effect

Under the influence of specific situations or atmospheres, a person's character, thinking, and behavior can exhibit incredible aspects, and the "Lucifer Effect" reflects the darker side of human nature. The Lucifer Effect is evident in our surroundings; for example, when a person's economic status, social status, or leadership relationships change, their tone and demeanor may subtly shift. The online violence of "keyboard warriors" occurs without regard to time or place.

47. Valenda Effect

In social psychology, the phenomenon of focusing solely on doing the current task without considering anything else to achieve success is called the "Valenda Effect." The Valenda Effect teaches us that in any endeavor, we should not overthink or worry excessively but should focus on the task at hand and give it our all, often leading to success.

48. Not Worth It Law

The psychological effect that if something is not worth doing, it is not worth doing well is known as the "Not Worth It Law." A person's reaction to the Not Worth It Law is closely related to their personal values, character, and real-life circumstances.

49. Sour Grapes Effect

When one's true needs are not met, to alleviate inner pressure and frustration, they may fabricate "reasons" to comfort themselves, claiming that what they cannot obtain is "sour." This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Sour Grapes Psychology," also called the "Sour Grapes Effect."

The Sour Grapes Effect teaches us to recognize ourselves and others correctly and to avoid the mentality of comparison.

50. Stereotype Effect

The general views and personal evaluations formed about things or people, where one subjectively believes they should possess certain specific attributes or characteristics while ignoring individual differences, is known as the "Stereotype Effect," also called "Stereotyping." The Stereotype Effect teaches us to understand things or evaluate a person from multiple perspectives to avoid forming biases.

51. Projection Effect

Projecting one's feelings, will, and characteristics onto others, assuming that others possess the same traits as oneself, is known as the "Projection Effect." The Projection Effect teaches us that between people and between things, there are both commonalities and individualities. To truly understand oneself and others, one must avoid excessive projection.

52. Hawthorne Effect

The tendency to change one's behavior when aware of being observed or studied is called the "Hawthorne Effect." The Hawthorne Effect teaches us that kind lies and praise can shape a person; you become what you believe you are.

53. Anchoring Effect

When making judgments about a certain thing or person, people are often influenced by the first piece of information they receive, which acts like an anchor submerged at the bottom of the sea, constraining their estimates. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Anchoring Effect." Since the "anchor" serves as a reference point, it can influence memory and guide people's final choices or judgments. Therefore, it is essential to take active measures to mitigate its negative impact.

54. Oedipus Effect

The Oedipus Effect, derived from the story of the ancient Greek play "Oedipus Rex," refers to the psychological phenomenon where a prophecy comes true, even though the prophecy itself is false. It is spoken and believed, leading to its eventual realization. The Oedipus Effect teaches us not to be easily swayed by prophecies; positive prophecies, if believed, can yield good results, while negative prophecies can lead to poor outcomes.

55. Antaeus Effect

The phenomenon of losing a certain ability once removed from the relevant conditions is called the "Antaeus Effect." The Antaeus Effect teaches us to gather and rely on the power of the collective; straying from one's area of expertise or source of strength can lead to setbacks.

56. Free-Rider Effect

In a group of interests, certain members make efforts and incur costs for the benefit of the group, while all members, including those who do not contribute, benefit from these efforts. This phenomenon is known as the "Free-Rider Effect." The Free-Rider Effect teaches us that every member of an interest group must work together to achieve common benefits; if someone does not contribute, it can suppress or weaken the motivation of other members to work hard. If every member of the interest group works together, individual costs will be relatively small.

57. Lipstick Effect

The Lipstick Effect refers to the economic phenomenon where lipstick sales increase sharply during economic downturns. The Lipstick Effect teaches us that during economic recessions, policymakers and business decision-makers can adjust policies and strategies in a timely manner to effectively utilize the Lipstick Effect, thus minimizing the negative impact of the crisis.

58. Authority Effect

A person of high status, prestige, and respect can easily attract attention and belief in the correctness of what they say or do. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Authority Effect," also called "Authority Suggestion Effect." The Authority Effect teaches us to use authority's suggestions to guide positively but not to blindly follow or worship authority.

59. Domino Effect

The chain reaction of "pulling one hair can move the whole body" is known as the "Domino Effect." In a system with internal connections, a small initial energy can lead to a series of chain reactions, even triggering significant changes.

60. Dead Sea Effect

The flow of talent in a company is similar to the evaporation of water in the Dead Sea. For a company, once it reaches a certain stage, capable employees are likely to leave due to low tolerance for poor internal systems and the ease of finding jobs that meet their expectations. In contrast, less capable employees, having fewer options, tend to stay and survive in the current environment, eventually becoming mid-level or senior employees. This phenomenon is called the "Dead Sea Effect."

61. Straw Principle

Placing a straw on a strong camel's back will elicit no reaction; adding another straw still elicits no reaction. However, as more straws are added, once the accumulation reaches a certain point, even one more straw can cause the strong camel to collapse. This is the "Straw Principle," which emphasizes the phenomenon of cumulative effects leading to significant changes.

62. Humor Effect

In daily interactions, difficult or awkward situations inevitably arise, and humor becomes the best regulator. Using humorous techniques can help one relieve awkwardness and create a harmonious atmosphere, thus establishing friendly relationships with others. This effective psychological defense mechanism is known as the "Humor Effect."

63. Role Effect

In real life, people's identities and roles change depending on the context, leading to psychological or behavioral changes. This phenomenon, where psychological and behavioral changes occur due to role shifts, is known as the "Role Effect." In life, our roles are constantly changing, such as being a child, parent, teacher, leader, friend, classmate, or lover. This transformation determines how we interact with others and implies the rights, obligations, responsibilities, and expectations associated with a particular role.

64. Pickle Effect

The same vegetables soaked in different waters for a period of time will taste different when cooked separately. This is the famous "Pickle Effect," which emphasizes the impact and importance of the environment on people or things.

65. Wine and Sewage Law

Pouring a spoonful of wine into a barrel of sewage results in a barrel of sewage; pouring a spoonful of sewage into a barrel of wine still results in a barrel of sewage. Clearly, the ratio of sewage to wine does not determine the nature of the contents; the decisive factor is that spoonful of sewage. As long as it exists, no amount of wine can change it into something good. This is the famous "Wine and Sewage Law," often applied in corporate management, meaning that when an unsuitable person who does not align with the corporate culture is found in a team, they should be removed quickly to avoid poisoning or dismantling an originally united and upward-moving team.

66. Zero-Sum Game

In a strictly competitive game between two parties, one party's gain necessarily means the other party's loss, and the total sum of gains and losses among the participants equals zero. This is known as the "Zero-Sum Game," also called "Zero-Sum Game," meaning that regardless of the number of participants or their strengths, the outcome of their competition will always be: some participants win, and some participants lose, with the total sum of chips won and lost being zero.

67. Suggestion Effect

The Suggestion Effect refers to the influence on people's psychology and behavior through implicit, abstract, and indirect methods under non-confrontational conditions, leading them to act in certain ways or accept certain opinions, aligning their thoughts and actions with the goals expected by the suggester.

68. Frozen Face Effect

When a person is speaking in a video and the image is paused, their static image usually does not look as good as the dynamic image during playback. We refer to this psychological phenomenon as the "Frozen Face Effect."

69. Tarsk Effect

When an organization or individual loses credibility, whether they speak the truth or lies, whether they do good or bad deeds, they will be perceived as lying or doing bad things. This is the Tarsk Effect.

70. Complaining Effect

If Company A has people who complain about work while Company B does not, then Company A is likely to be more successful than Company B, or the boss of Company A is likely to be more successful than the boss of Company B. This is the "Complaining Effect." Complaining is an effective communication method, allowing the company or leadership to understand their shortcomings and the real needs and emotions of employees. Addressing these shortcomings or needs contributes to the long-term, healthy development of the enterprise.

71. Hammer Law

There are no bad deals, only poor dealmakers. This is the Hammer Law, proposed by Armand Hammer, a director of Occidental Petroleum.

72. Crying Effect

The phenomenon where people cry due to sadness and experience emotional relief, avoiding unfortunate consequences, is called the "Crying Effect." This shows that the Crying Effect can play a positive role, especially when a person suffers a significant blow; the emotional release from crying is very effective.

73. Witness Memory Effect

Psychological research has proven that many testimonies provided by witnesses are often inaccurate or biased, reflecting personal viewpoints and consciousness. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Witness Memory Effect." The Witness Memory Effect teaches us that witness memory is not entirely reliable and often carries biases, so when judging a matter, one should not rely solely on one person's account.

74. Hot and Cold Water Effect

A cup of cold water, a cup of warm water, and a cup of hot water. When a hand is placed in cold water and then moved to warm water, the warm water feels hot; when a hand is placed in hot water and then moved to warm water, the warm water feels cool. The same cup of warm water produces two different sensations. This is the "Hot and Cold Water Effect." The "Hot and Cold Water Effect" arises from changes in human psychology, as the "standard" is shifting, leading to changes in expectations regarding a person or thing. In interpersonal interactions, one should skillfully utilize this hot and cold water effect.

75. Beeb Law

After experiencing a strong stimulus, subsequent stimuli become trivial for the individual; from a psychological perspective, the first strong stimulus can dilute the impact of the second smaller stimulus. This is the "Beeb Law," which teaches us to do things that provide "real help" rather than just "adding icing on the cake" or "overdoing it."

76. Hot Stove Effect

Anyone in an organization who violates rules must face punishment; this is the "Hot Stove Effect," also known as the Hot Stove Law or Punishment Law. Unlike positive reinforcement methods like rewards, the Hot Stove Effect is a form of negative reinforcement. The Hot Stove Effect is often used in corporate management to issue warnings to everyone through established rules. When someone violates them, they must be treated equally, fairly, and transparently, with immediate action taken, which can have a good reverse reinforcement effect and benefit the long-term development of the enterprise.

77. Waterfall Effect

When a person gazes at a waterfall, if they then shift their gaze to the surrounding fields, they may feel as if the objects in the fields are rising. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Waterfall Effect."

78. Label Effect

When a person is labeled with a certain word or term, they will engage in self-impression management to align their behavior with the content of the label. Since this phenomenon arises from being labeled, it is called the "Label Effect." The result of labeling a person often leads them to develop in the direction suggested by the label; positive labels provide positive suggestions, while negative labels provide negative suggestions.

79. Diffusion of Responsibility Effect

When an emergency occurs, if others are present, the responsibility shared by those present decreases, meaning that any bystander is less likely to offer help. Even if they do respond, their reaction time is extended. This phenomenon is known as the "Diffusion of Responsibility Effect," also called the "Bystander Effect."

80. False Consensus Bias

People often overestimate or exaggerate the universality of their opinions, judgments, and behaviors, even attributing their characteristics to others, believing that others share the same traits. This phenomenon is known as the "False Consensus Bias," also called "False Consensus Effect," which teaches us not to project our own traits onto others.

81. Spotlight Effect

Overestimating the attention others pay to one's appearance and behavior is known as the "Spotlight Effect," also called the "Social Spotlight Effect." The Spotlight Effect implies seeing oneself as the center of everything while overestimating others' attention, especially when one embarrasses themselves, believing everyone will notice, when in fact, this is not the case.

82. Beauty Equals Good Effect

People easily assume that someone who is outstanding in appearance, intelligence, or talent is also good in other aspects. This is the "Beauty Equals Good Effect."

83. Lightning Rod Effect

Installing a lightning rod at the top of a tall building utilizes the phenomenon of discharge at the tip to attract and release lightning from the clouds; connecting the lightning rod to a metal plate buried underground allows the lightning current to be released into the ground, reducing and neutralizing the charge, thus preventing the building from being struck by lightning. This is the "Lightning Rod Effect," which implies that good guidance leads to smoothness, and those who can guide will be safe.

84. Buridan's Donkey Effect

In the decision-making process, the phenomenon of indecision and hesitation is called the "Buridan's Donkey Effect." The Buridan Effect teaches us that one cannot have both fish and bear's paw; one cannot have it all.

85. Tibetan Mastiff Effect

The Tibetan Mastiff is a family guard dog or shepherd dog living on the Tibetan Plateau. Since Tibetan herders lead a nomadic lifestyle, the Tibetan Mastiff must endure extremely harsh climatic conditions and possess the ability to withstand hunger and disease to survive. Thus, the Tibetan people conducted artificial selection based on natural selection. When young Tibetan dogs grow teeth and can bite, their owners place them in a closed environment without food and water, allowing them to tear each other apart until only one survives, which is called a mastiff. This phenomenon is known as the "Tibetan Mastiff Effect."

86. Flower Pot Effect

A flower pot is a semi-artificial, semi-natural small environment. It has many spatial limitations, but due to the artificially created suitable environmental conditions, crops and flowers can thrive for a period. However, once they leave human care, the flowers in the pot struggle to withstand temperature changes and the elements. This is the "Flower Pot Effect," also known as the "Local Habitat Effect."

87. Tuning Fork Effect

When the frequency of a tuning fork matches the resonant frequency of glass, even bulletproof glass can shatter instantly; a shout in the snowy mountains can trigger an avalanche. This method of inducing change and influence through subtle means rather than force is known as the "Tuning Fork Effect," which means that for certain things, the impact is not about the magnitude of the force but about finding the right pulse and resonating in harmony, where small disturbances can lead to significant effects.

88. Tide Effect

The sea rises due to the gravitational pull of celestial bodies, with greater gravitational pull resulting in higher tides and weaker pull resulting in lower tides; if the pull is too weak, there will be no tide. This phenomenon is known as the "Tide Effect." The Tide Effect is often used to describe the relationship between talent and society or enterprises. Society needs talent, and the times call for talent, which leads to the emergence of talent; enterprises attract excellent talent through adjustments in treatment and incentives.

89. Garbage Person Law

People with many negative and harmful emotions are like a "garbage truck." When their negative energy accumulates, they need to find a place to dump it, and sometimes they happen to encounter someone, dumping their garbage onto that person. This phenomenon is known as the "Garbage Person Law." Cases related to the "Garbage Person Law" often occur in life; sometimes, it may just be due to a verbal spat, a careless bump, or simply a passerby, leading to provocation, assault, or even death.

90. Embarrassment Effect

An average person may not be admired, but a person with no flaws may not be liked either; the most likable person is often the one who is clever yet has small flaws. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Embarrassment Effect," also called the "Looking Up at the Foot Effect." For an excellent person, minor mistakes do not affect people's fondness for them; on the contrary, they make them seem genuine and trustworthy. However, if a person appears flawless, with no visible flaws or weaknesses, it may make them seem insincere and difficult to approach or trust.

91. Veblen Effect

The degree of consumer demand for a product increases with its higher price rather than a lower price, meaning that the higher the price of a product, the more it is favored by consumers, reflecting people's psychological desire for conspicuous consumption. This phenomenon was first proposed by American economist Thorstein Veblen, thus known as the "Veblen Effect."

92. Foot-in-the-Door Effect

Once a person accepts a trivial request from someone else, to avoid cognitive dissonance or to create a consistent impression, they may be more likely to accept a larger request. This phenomenon is likened to ascending a threshold step by step, hence called the "Foot-in-the-Door Effect," also known as the "Gradual Increase Effect."

93. NIMBY Effect

Residents or local units may develop aversion due to concerns that construction projects (such as landfills, nuclear power plants, crematoriums, etc.) will negatively impact health, environmental quality, and property values, leading to strong and resolute collective opposition or even protest behavior, characterized by the "Not in My Backyard" mentality. We refer to this phenomenon as the "NIMBY Effect."

94. Quenching Effect

When metal workpieces are heated to a certain temperature and then immersed in a coolant, the performance of the metal workpieces improves and stabilizes after cooling. In psychology, this cold treatment phenomenon is known as the "Quenching Effect," while in education, this cold treatment method is referred to as "Frustration Education." In a child's growth process, appropriate "frustration education" can lead to greater psychological maturity and resilience.

95. Aguayo Effect

If a person is satisfied with a product they purchased, they will share this positive feeling with about eight people around them; however, if they are dissatisfied, they will share this negative impression with at least twenty people. This purchasing psychology phenomenon is known as the "Aguayo Effect."

96. Observer Effect

The behavior of the observed person or thing can be influenced to some extent by the act of being observed. This phenomenon is known as the "Observer Effect," meaning that we can hardly observe something without influencing it.

97. Backfire Effect

Criticizing a mistake indirectly by fully affirming or praising the person's strengths, allowing the wrongdoer to self-reflect and recognize their mistake, is known in criticism psychology as the "Backfire Effect."

98. Cobra Effect

A solution to a problem that not only fails to address the root cause but exacerbates the issue is known as the "Cobra Effect."

99. Jungle Law

The biological law of survival of the fittest, where competition leads to the elimination of the weak, is known as the "Jungle Law."

100. Russian Doll Phenomenon

People tend to choose subordinates who are similar to themselves but "smaller" in some way. This phenomenon is known as the "Russian Doll Phenomenon."